Mechanisms and Strategies for Phytoremediation of Cadmium

INTRODUCTION
    Phytoremediation
    Advantages of  Phytoremediation
    Limitations of Phytoremediation

BIOAVAILABILITY OF CADMIUM 
    Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)
    pH
    Soil Amendments
    Competitive Cations
    Fertilizer
    Mycorrhizae
    Chelation
       Phytochelatins (PCs)
       Phytochelatin Effectiveness
       Role of Sulfur in PCs
       Oxidative Stress
       Translocation
       Metallothioneins
       Organic Acids
       EDTA / EGTA

CADMIUM TOLERANCE AND
ACCUMULATION IN PLANTS
    Cell Wall Binding
    Reduced Transport
    Compartmentalization
    Chelation
    Phytoextraction factors
       Table 1.  Plant Accumulation
       Hyperaccumulators

CONCLUSIONS

LINKS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 
Mycorrhizae

     Arbuscular mycorrhizial fungi (AM) has been found in association with plant roots all over the world. A clear symbiotic relationship has been demonstrated whereby plants exude photosynthates for the fungus to metabolize, in return, the fungus scavenges for essential elements that may be rare in a particular soil. There is some evidence that AM facilitates Cd uptake, but this varies with soil conditions like Cd concentration and pH. Guo (1996) showed that AM increased Cd uptake 37% in bean and 41% in maize. However, El-Kherbawy et al. (1989) showed that AM increased Cd uptake in alfalfa at pH = 7.2, but reduced Cd uptake at pH = 6.0, 6.7, pHs where Cd should have been more bioavailable. Another study by Heggo et al. (1990) found AM increased Cd uptake in soybean when the soil concentration of Cd was low, but reduced Cd uptake when the soil Cd concentration was high. The mechanisms behind these phenomena are not worked out, but clearly AM offers some potential to boost phytoextraction.

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Page Created 4-18-00
Sam Cox
Department of Horticulture
Colorado State University
samcox@lamar.colostate.edu
http://lamar.colostate.edu/~samcox/index.htm