Mechanisms and Strategies for Phytoremediation of Cadmium

INTRODUCTION
    Phytoremediation
    Advantages of  Phytoremediation
    Limitations of Phytoremediation

BIOAVAILABILITY OF CADMIUM 
    Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)
    pH
    Soil Amendments
    Competitive Cations
    Fertilizer
    Mycorrhizae
    Chelation
       Phytochelatins (PCs)
       Phytochelatin Effectiveness
       Role of Sulfur in PCs
       Oxidative Stress
       Translocation
       Metallothioneins
       Organic Acids
       EDTA / EGTA

CADMIUM TOLERANCE AND
ACCUMULATION IN PLANTS
    Cell Wall Binding
    Reduced Transport
    Compartmentalization
    Chelation
    Phytoextraction factors
       Table 1.  Plant Accumulation
       Hyperaccumulators

CONCLUSIONS

LINKS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Metallothioneins

     Unlike phytochelatins, metallothioneins (MTs) are found in animals as well as plants. They are gene-encoded polypeptides (8-14kDa) (Robinson, et al. 1993) thought to be aggregates of phytochelatins (Prasad, 1995). MTs behave similarly to PCs, and often metal complexation duties are shared between MTs and PCs as seen in Datura and Zea maize (Rivai, et al. 1990). MT have highest complexing affinity for Cu,  and are induced by exposure to it (Murphy, et al. 1997). 
      Introduction of mammalian MT into B. campestris, B. nappus and N. tabacum has conferred Cd tolerance by increasing complexation and minimizing translocation of Cd to the shoots (Maiti, et al. 1989.). In the plant kingdom, MT-like proteins have been found in tomato (Bartolf, et al. 1980) pea, soybean (Casterline and Barnett, 1982) and maize.
 

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Page Created 4-18-00
Sam Cox
Department of Horticulture
Colorado State University
samcox@lamar.colostate.edu
http://lamar.colostate.edu/~samcox/index.htm