BIOAVAILABILITY OF CADMIUM 
    Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)
    pH
    Soil Amendments
    Competitive Cations
    Fertilizer
    Mycorrhizae
    Chelation
       Phytochelatins (PCs)
       Phytochelatin Effectiveness
       Role of Sulfur in PCs
       Oxidative Stress
       Translocation
       Metallothioneins
       Organic Acids
       EDTA / EGTA

CADMIUM TOLERANCE AND
ACCUMULATION IN PLANTS
    Cell Wall Binding
    Reduced Transport
    Compartmentalization
    Chelation
    Phytoextraction factors
       Table 1.  Plant Accumulation
       Hyperaccumulators

CONCLUSIONS

LINKS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Limitations of Phytoremediation

      Phytoremediation does have its limitations. It is a slower process than traditional means. Plants remove or degrade only small amounts of contaminants each growing season, so it can take several decades to adequately clean up a site. Additionally, there are limits to plant growth such as temperature, soil type and  water availability that may make a site unsuitable for phytoremediation. Lastly, only lightly contaminated soils can be phytoremediated because most plants will not grow on heavily-contaminated sites.
 

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