Mechanisms and Strategies for Phytoremediation of Cadmium

INTRODUCTION
    Phytoremediation
    Advantages of  Phytoremediation
    Limitations of Phytoremediation

BIOAVAILABILITY OF CADMIUM 
    Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)
    pH
    Soil Amendments
    Competitive Cations
    Fertilizer
    Mycorrhizae
    Chelation
       Phytochelatins (PCs)
       Phytochelatin Effectiveness
       Role of Sulfur in PCs
       Oxidative Stress
       Translocation
       Metallothioneins
       Organic Acids
       EDTA / EGTA

CADMIUM TOLERANCE AND
ACCUMULATION IN PLANTS
    Cell Wall Binding
    Reduced Transport
    Compartmentalization
    Chelation
    Phytoextraction factors
       Table 1.  Plant Accumulation
       Hyperaccumulators

CONCLUSIONS

LINKS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

EDTA / EGTA

     Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is a synthetic chelator that has been shown to substantially lower soil CEC. It has been used since the 1950s to alleviate iron deficiency, and has been used frequently to improve phytoextraction of metal contaminants, such as lead, from soil (Jorgenson, 1993). Oftentimes, a sudden increase in bioavailable metals resulting in EDTA application will be fatal to plants. This is overcome by growing plants up to a large biomass, then adding EDTA. The metal will become highly bioavailable, and will be taken up in large quantities by the plant for a short time before the plant dies (Salt, et al. 1998). In this way, large amounts of metal can be extracted from soil.  This strategy is referred to as chelator-assisted phytoextraction (Salt, et al. 1998). A similar compound called ethylene glycol tetra acetic acid (EGTA) has been shown to be very effective at increasing Cd bioavailability (Blaylock, et al. 1997).
 

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Page Created 4-18-00
Sam Cox
Department of Horticulture
Colorado State University
samcox@lamar.colostate.edu
http://lamar.colostate.edu/~samcox/index.htm