Mechanisms and Strategies for Phytoremediation of Cadmium
INTRODUCTION
    Phytoremediation
    Advantages of  Phytoremediation
    Limitations of Phytoremediation

BIOAVAILABILITY OF CADMIUM 
    Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)
    pH
    Soil Amendments
    Competitive Cations
    Fertilizer
    Mycorrhizae
    Chelation
       Phytochelatins (PCs)
       Phytochelatin Effectiveness
       Role of Sulfur in PCs
       Oxidative Stress
       Translocation
       Metallothioneins
       Organic Acids
       EDTA / EGTA

CADMIUM TOLERANCE AND
ACCUMULATION IN PLANTS
    Cell Wall Binding
    Reduced Transport
    Compartmentalization
    Chelation
    Phytoextraction factors
       Table 1.  Plant Accumulation
       Hyperaccumulators

CONCLUSIONS

LINKS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

Competitive cations

     Since Cu and Zn are preferentially bound to soil particles, higher Cu/Zn content is advantageous for Cd removal because it often means Cd is more bioavailable. 
 
     The addition of Calcium (Ca2+) to soil reduces Cd bioavailabilty by increasing pH and competing for Cd on root absorption sites (Cieslinski, 1996). Therefore, addition of Ca as a fertilizer should be avoided.
 
     Manganese (Mn) also competes with Cd for plant uptake (Kabata-Pendius and Pendius, 1992). Furthermore, Clijsters and Van Assche (1985) demonstrated that the effect on plant metabolism could be reversed by Mn.
 
     It has been suggested that Zn might compete with Cd for uptake into the plant because of their structural similarity. Lombi, et al. (1999) showed that Cd and Zn uptake are independent, suggesting two different mechanisms for uptake.
 

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Page Created 4-18-00
Sam Cox
Department of Horticulture
Colorado State University
samcox@lamar.colostate.edu
http://lamar.colostate.edu/~samcox/index.htm