Proyecto Arqueológico Porco-Potosí
 
 
Subject Bibliographies:
Prehispanic and Colonial Mining and Metallurgy in the Andes
 
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Abbott, Mark B., and Alexander P. Wolfe
2003 Intensive Pre-Incan Metallurgy Recorded by Lake Sediments from the Bolivian Andes. Science 301(5641):1893-1894.

Arnold, S.
1986 Aspects of Casting Practice in Prehispanic Peru. In Perspectives on Andean Prehistory and Protohistory, edited by D. Sandweiss and P. Kvietok, pp. 131-143. Cornell University.

Bakewell, Peter
1984 Mining in Colonial Spanish America. In The Cambridge History of Latin America, Volume II, edited by Leslie Bethell, pp. 105-151. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

1997 Technological Change in Potosí: The Silver Boom of the 1570's. In Mines of Silver and Gold in the Americas, edited by P. Bakewell, pp. 57-77. Variorum, Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot, Great Britain.

Barba, Alvaro Alonso
1639 Arte de los metales en que se enseña el verdadero beneficio de los de oro, y plata por azogue, el modo de fundirlos todos y cómo se han de refinar, y apartar unos de otros. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid. [1992]

Bargallo, Modesto
1955 La minería y metalurgia en la América española durante la época colonial. Fondo de Cultura Económica, Mexico City.

1967 La "guaira," horno de fundición del antiguo Perú. Estudio de las referencias de Cronistas. Minería, Organo del Instituto de Ingenieros de Minas del Perú 79:43-49.

1969 La amalgamación de los minerales de plata en hispano colonial. Con una ofrenda a Alvaro Alfonso Barba (por Carlos Prieto). Comp. Fundidora de Fierro y Acero de Monterrey, México.

Barnadas, Josep M.
1986 Alvaro Alonso Barba (1569-1662). Investigaciones sobre su vida y obra. La Paz.

Berthelot, Jean
1986 The Extraction of Precious Metals at the Time of the Inka. In Anthropological History of Andean Politics, edited by John Murra, Nathan Wachtel, and Jacques Revel, pp. 69-88. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Boman, Eric
1908 Antiquités de la Région Andine de la République Argentine y du Désert
d’Atacama. Paris.

Brown, Kendall
2001 Workers’ Health and Colonial Mercury Mining at Huancavelica, Peru. Americas 57(4):467-496.

Caley, Earle R.
1971 Chemical Composition of Ancient Copper Objects of South America. In Application of Science in Examination of Works of Art, edited by W.J. Young, pp. 53-61. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

Caley, Earle R., and Dudley T. Easby, Jr.
1959 The Smelting of Sulfide Ores of Copper in Preconquest Peru. American Antiquity 25:59-65.

Caley, E.R. and L.W. Shank
1971 Composition of Ancient Peruvian Copper. Ohio Journal of Science 71:181-187.

Castillo Martos, Manuel (editor)
1994 Mineria y metalurgia: Intercambio tecnológico y cultural entre América y Europa durante el período colonial español. Muñoz Moya y Montraveta, editores, Sevilla-Bogotá.

Centeno, S.A. and Schorsch, D.
2000 The Characterisation of Gold Layers on Copper Artifacts from the Piura Valley (Peru) in
the Early Intermediate Period. In Gilded Metals: History, Technology and conservation,
edited by Drayman-Weisser, pp. 223-240. Archetype Publications, London.

Craig, Alan K.
1993 The Ingenious Ingenios: Spanish Colonial Water Mills at Potosí. In Culture, Form, and Place: Essays in Cultural and Historical Geography, edited by K. Mathewson. Geoscience and Man, 32:125-156. Geoscience Publications, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.

1994 Spanish Colonial Silver Beneficiation at Potosí. In In Quest of Mineral Wealth: Aboriginal and Colonial Mining and Metallurgy in Spanish America, edited by A. Craig and R. West, pp. 271-285. Geoscience and Man, vol. 33, Geoscience Publications, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.

Craig, Alan K., and Robert C. West, editors
1994 In Quest of Mineral Wealth: Aboriginal and Colonial Mining and Metallurgy in Spanish America. Geoscience and Man, vol. 33, Geoscience Publications, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.

Díaz-Andreu García, Margarita, and Ignacio Montero Ruiz
1999 Arqueometalurgia de la Provincia de Cuenca: Minería y Metalurgia en la Edad de Bronce. Diputación de Cuenca, Departamento de Cultura, Cuenca.

Emmerich, André
1965 Sweat of the Sun and Tears of the Moon. Gold and Silver in Pre-columbian Art.
University of Washington Press, Seattle.
Easby, Dudley T.
1965 Pre Hispanic Metallurgy and Metalworking in the New World. In Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 109(2):89-98.

Epstein, Stephen Matheson
1993 Cultural Choice and Technological Consequences: Constraint of Innovation in the Late Prehistoric Copper Smelting Industry of Cerro Huaringa, Peru. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.


Epstein, S. and I. Shimada
1983 Metalurgía de Sicán: una reconstrucción de la producción de la aleación de cobre en el Cerro de los Cementerios, Peru. AVA-Beitrage 5:379-430.

Fester, G.A.
1962 Copper and Copper Alloys in Ancient Argentina. Chymia 8:21-31.

Fisher, John
1977 Minas y mineros en el Peru colonial, 1776-1824. Lima.

Friedman, A., E. Olsen, Junius Bird
1972 Moche Copper Analyses: Early New World Metal Technology. American Antiquity 37:
254-258.

Gonzalez, A.R.
1959 A Note on the Antiquity of Bronze in N.W. Argentina. Actas del XXXIII Congreso Internacional de Americanistas 2. San Jose, Costa Rica.

1979 Pre-Columbian Metallurgy of Northwest Argentina: Historical Development and Cultural Process. In Pre-Columbian Metallurgy of South America, edited by E.P. Benson, pp. 133-202. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, D.C.

1992 Las placas metálicas de los Andes del Sur. KAVA, Berlin.

González, Luis R.
1992 Metalurgia prehispánica en el NOA: un modelo de localización de sitios de procesamiento el el valle de Santa María (Pcia. De Catamarca). Palimpsesto. Tésis de Licenciatura en Ciencias Antropológicas. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires.

1992 Fundir es morir un poco. Restos de actividades metalúrgicas en el valle de Santa María, pcia. de Catamarca. Palimpsesto. Revista de Arqueología 2:51-70.

1994 El bronce que sonríe. Metalurgia prehispánica en el Noroeste argentino. Cienca Hoy 27:25-31. Buenos Aires.

1994 El caso de la cera perdida. Metalurgia prehispánica y recursos en el valle de Yocavil. Relaciones de la SAA 19:171-190. Buenos Aires.

1995 Recursos y organización de la producción metalúrgica prehispanica en la región centro sur: un caso de estudio. Hombre y Desierto 9:213-223. Antofogasta, Chile.

Gonzalez, L. R., and M. A. Gonzalez
1991 Rincón Chico 15: un sitio de actividad metalúrgica prehispánica en el valle de Santa María (prov. de Catamarca). In Actas Jornadas Metalúrgicas y II Congreso ALAMET, pp. 283-284. Buenos Aires.

Gordon, R.
1985 Laboratory Evidence of the Use of Metal Tools at Machu Picchu (Peru) and Environs.
Journal of Archaeological Science 12:311-327.

Gordon, R., J. Rutledge
1984 Bismuth bronze from Machu Picchu, Peru. Science 223:585-586.

1987 The Work of Metallurgical Artificers at Machu Picchu, Peru. American Antiquity 52: 578-594.

Graffam, G.J., M. Rivera, and A. Carevic
1994 Copper Smelting in the Atacama: Ancient Metallurgy at the Ramaditas Site, Northern
Chile. In In Quest of Mineral Wealth: Aboriginal and Colonial Mining and Metallurgy in Spanish America, edited by A.K. Craig and R.C. West, pp. 75-92. Geoscience Publications, Baton Rouge, Lousiana.

1994 Ancient Metallurgy in the Atacama: Evidence for Copper Smelting during Chile’s Early
Ceramic Period. Latin American Antiquity 7(2):101-113.

Grossman, J.
1972 An Ancient Gold Worker's Tool Kit. Archaeology 25: 270-275.

Howe, E., and U. Petersen
1994 Silver and Lead in the Late Prehistory of the Mantaro Valley, Peru. In Archaeometry of Pre-Columbian Sites and Artifacts: Proceedings of a Symposium Organized by the UCLA Institute of Archaeology and the Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, CA, March 23-27, 1992, edited by D. A. Scott and P. Meyers, pp. 183-198. Getty Conservation Institute, Malibu.

Iribarren Charlin, José
1962 Minas de explotación por los Incas y otros yacimientos arqueológicos en la zona de Almirante Latorre. Departamento de la Serena. Publicación del Museo y la Sociedad Arqueológica de La Serena. Boletín 12:61-72.

Jones, Julie
1979 Mochica Works of Art in Metal: A Review. In Precolumbian Metallurgy of South America . E. Benson, ed., pp. 53-104. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington.

Lechtman, H.
1973 The Gilding of Metals in Pre-Columbian Peru. In Application of Science in Examination
of Works of Art, edited by W. Young. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

1976 A Metallurgical Site Survey in the Peruvian Andes. Journal of Field Archaeology 3:1-42.

1984 Andean Value Systems and the Development of Prehistoric Metallurgy. Technology and Culture 25:1-36.

1979 Issues in Andean Metallurgy. In Pre-Columbian Metallurgy of South America, edited by E.P. Benson, pp. 1-40. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington D.C.

1979 The Central Andes – Metallurgy without Iron. In The Coming of the Age of Iron, edited
by T. Wertime and J.B. Muhly, pp. 267-334. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.

1979 Copper-Arsenic Bronzes from the North Coast of Peru. In The Research Potential of Anthropological Museum Collections, edited by A.M. Cantwell, J.B. Griffin, and N.A. Rotherschild, pp. 77-121. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 276, New York.

1981 Copper-arsenic Bronzes from the North Coast of Peru. Annals of the New York Academy
of Sciences 376:77-122.

1982 Pre-Columbian Surface Metallurgy. Scientific American 250:56-63.

1988 Traditions and Styles in Central Andean Metalworking. In The Beginning of the Use of Metals and Alloys, edited by R. Maddin, pp. 344-78. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

1991 The Production of Copper-Arsenic Alloys in the Central Andes: Highland Ores and
Coastal Smelters? Journal of Field Archaeology 18:43-76.

1994 Arsenic Bronze: Dirty Copper or Chosen Alloy? A View from the Americas. Journal of
Field Archaeology 23:1-38.

1994 Arsenic Bronze and the Middle Horizon. In Arqueología, Antropología e Historia en los
Andes: Homenaje a Maria Rostworowski, edited by R. Varon G. and J. Flores, pp. 153-
86. Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Lima.

1994 The Materials Science of Material Culture: Examples from the Andean Past. In Archaeometry of Pre-Columbian Sites and Artifacts: Proceedings of a Symposium Organized by the UCLA Institute of Archaeology and the Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, CA, March 23-27, 1992, edited by D. A. Scott and P. Meyers, pp. 3-11. Getty Conservation Institute, Malibu.

1995 Architectural Cramps at Tiwanaku: Copper-Arsenic-Nickel Bronze. In Metallurgica
Antiqua, edited by T. Rehren, A. Hauptmann, and J.B. Muhly, pp. 77-92. Der Anschnitt
8. Bergbau Museum, Bochum.

1996 Cloth and Metal: The Culture of Technology. In Andean Art at Dumbarton Oaks,
edited by E. Boone, pp. 22-43. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington D.C.

2003 Middle Horizon Bronze: Centers and Outliers. In Patterns and Process: A Festchrift in
Honor of Edward V. Sayre, edited by Lambertus van Zelst. Smithsonian Center for
Materials Research and Education, Suitland.

2003 Tiwanaku Period (Middle Horizon) Bronze Metallurgy in the Lake Titicaca Basin: A
Preliminary Assessment. In Tiwanaku and Its Hinterland Vol. 2: Urban and Rural
Archaeology, edited by Alan L. Kolata. Washington D.C., Smithsonian Institution Press.

Lechtman, H. and A.R. Gonzalez
1991 Análisis técnico de una campaña de bronce estanífero de la cultura Santa Maria, Noroeste Argentino. Boletín del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino 5:81-85.

Lechtman, Heather and Sabine Klein
1994 The Production of Copper-Arsenic Alloys (Arsenic Bronze) by Cosmelting: Modern Journal of Archaeological Science 26(5):497-526.

Lechtman, H. and the Museo Chileno de Arte Precolumbino
1991 America’s Vanished Metalsmiths. Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino, Santiago.

Lechtman, Heather, L. Parsons, and W. Young
1975 Seven Matched Hollow Gold Jaguars from Peru's Early Horizon. Studies in Precolumbian Art and Archaeology 16: 1-45. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington.

Lothrop, Samuel
1941 Gold Ornaments of Chavin style from Chongoyape, Peru. American Antiquity 6: 250-262.

Lothrop, Samuel Kirkland
1950 Metalworking Tools from the Central Coast of Peru. American Antiquity 16(2):160-161.

1951 Gold artifacts of Chavin style. American Antiquity 16: 226-240.

1951 Peruvian Metallurgy. In Civilizations of Ancient America. Selected papers of the XXIX International Congress of Americanists, pp. 219-223.

1978 Instrumentos para trabajar metales de la costa central del Peru. In Tecnología Andina, edited by Rogger Ravines, pp. 529-534. Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Lima.

MacFarlane, A. W., P. Marcet, A. Lehuray, and U. Petersen
1988 Lead Isotope Provinces of the Central Andes Inferred from Ores and Crustal Rocks.
Economic Geology 85:1857-80.

Merkel, J. and I. Shimada
1988 Arsenical Copper Smelting at Batan Grande, Peru. IAMS Newsletter 12:4-7.

Merkel, J., I. Shimada, C.P. Swann, and R. Doonan
1994 Pre-Hispanic Copper Alloy Production at Batan Grande, Peru: Interpretation of the
Analytical Data for Ore Samples. In Archaeometry of Pre-Columbian Sites and Artifacts,
edited by D.A. Scott and P. Meyers, pp. 199-227. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation
Institute.

Niemeyer, F. H.
1981 Dos tipos de crisoles prehispánicos del Norte Chileno. Boletín Museo Arqueológico de la Serena. 17. Chile.

Niemeyer, F. H., G. Cervellino, and E. Muñoz
1983 Viña del Cerro, expresión metalúrgica inca en el valle de Copiapó. Creces 4(4):32-35. Santiago de Chile.

Nuñez Atencio, Lautaro
1987 Tráfico de metales en el área centro-sur Andina: factos y expectavivas. Cuadernos del Instituto Nacional de Antropología (Chile) 12:73-105.

Oehm, Victor P.
1984 Investigaciones sobre minería y metalurgia en el Perú prehispánico. Bonner Amerikanistische Studien 12. Seminar für Völerkunde, Universität Bonn, Bonn.

Patterson, Clair C.
1971 Native Copper, Silver, and Gold Accessible to Early Metallurgists. American Antiquity 36(3):286-321.

Peele, Robert Jr.
1893 A Primitive Smelting Furnace. School of Mines Quarterly 15:8-10.

Petersen, Georg
1970 Minería y metalurgía en el antiguo peru. Arqueológicas 12, Museo Nacional de Antropología y Arqueología, Lima.

Petersen, Ulrich
1988 Geological Framework of Andean Mineral Resources. In Geology of the Andes and Its Relation to Hydrocarbon and Mineral Resources, edited by G.E. Ericksen, M.T. Canas P. and J. A. Reinemund, pp. 213-232. Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources, Houston.

Platt, Tristan
1996 Producción, tecnología y trabajo en la Rivera de Potosí durante la República temprana. Cuadernos de Historia 3, AHILA, Münster-Hamburg.

2000 The Alchemy of Modernity. Alonso Barba’s Copper Cauldrons and the Independence of Bolivian Metallurgy (1790-1890). Journal of Latin American Studies 32:1-54.

Raffino, Rodolfo, Iturriza, Ruben, Iácona, Anahí, Capparelli, Aylen, Gobbo, Diego, Montes, Victoria G., and Rolanda Vásquez
1996 Quillay. Centro metalúrgico inka en el Noroeste argentino. Tawantinsuyu 2:59-69.

Ramírez, Susan E.
1994 Ethnohistorical Dimensions of Mining and Metallurgy in Sixteenth-Century Northern Peru. In In Quest of Mineral Wealth: Aboriginal and Colonial Mining and Metallurgy in Spanish America, edited by Alan K. Craig and Robert C. West, pp. 93-108. Geoscience and Man, vol. 33, Geoscience Publications, Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.

Root, William
1949 Metallurgy. In Handbook of South American Indians (Vol. 5). J. Steward, ed., pp. 205-255. Bureau of American Ethnology, Washington. D.C.

1949 The Metallurgy of the Southern Coast of Peru. American Antiquity 15: 10-37.

Saenz, Nicolás A.
1892 Artes e Industrias del Perú Antiguo. I. Instrumentos incaicos. Boletín de Minas, Industrias y Construcciones. Año III, No. 10, pp. 76. Lima.

Scattolin, C., and V. Williams
1992 Actividades minero metalúrgicas en el N.O. argentino. Nuevas evidencias y significación. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Études Andines 21(1):59-87.

Scott, D.A.
2000 A Review of Gilding Techniques in Ancient South America. In Gilded Metals: History,Technology and Conservation, edited by Drayman-Weisser, pp. 203-222. Archetype Publications, London.

Shimada, Izumi
1978 Economy of a Prehistoric Urban Context: Commodity and Labor Flow at Moche V, Pampa Grande, Peru. American Antiquity 43(4):569-592.

1994 Pre-Hispanic Metallurgy and Mining in the Andes: Recent Advances and Future Tasks. In In Quest of Mineral Wealth: Aboriginal and Colonial Mining and Metallurgy in Spanish America, edited by Alan K. Craig and Robert C. West, pp. 37-73. Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.

Shimada, Izumi, Stephen Epstein and Alan K. Craig
1982 Batan Grande: A Prehistoric Metallurgical Center in Peru. Science 216:952-959.

1983 The Metallurgical Process in Ancient North Peru. Archaeology 35(5): 38-45.

Shimada, Izumi, and Jo Ann Griffin
1994 Precious Metal objects of the Middle Sican. Scientific American 265(1): 80-86.

Shimada, I., and J.F. Merkel
1988 Copper-Alloy Metallurgy in Ancient Peru. Scientific American 265(1):80-86.

Solari, M. Enrique
1967 La minería prehistórica de Chile. Minería, Organo del Instituto de Minas del Perú 79:51. Lima.

Stubbe, Carlos F.
1944 Vocabulario minero antiguo. El Ateneo, Buenos Aires.

Tarrago, Myriam N., and Luis R. Gonzalez
1998 La producción metalúrgica prehispánica en el asentamiento de Tilcara (Prov. de Jujuy). Estudios preliminares sobre nuevas evidencias. In Los desarrollos locales y sus territorios: arqueología del NOA y sur de Bolivia, compiled by María Beatriz Cremonte, pp. 179-198. Universidad Nacinal de Juyuy, Argentina.

Tilton, G.R., R.J. Pollak, A.H. Clark and R. Robertson
1983 Isotopic Composition of Pb in Central Andean Ore Deposits. Geological Society of
America Memoir 154:791-816.

Tushingham, A., Ursula Franklin, y C. Toogood
1979 Studies in Ancient Peruvian Metalworking. Monograph 3, Royal Ontario Museum,
Ontario.

Valencia, Abraham
1978 La plateria tradicional en un pueblo del sur del Peru. In Tecnología Andina, edited by Rogger Ravines, pp. 534-554 . Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Lima.

Van Buren, Mary
2003 Un estudio ethnoarqueológico de la tecnología de fundición en el sur de Potosí, Bolivia. Textos Antropológicos 14(2):133-148. UMSA, La Paz.

Van Buren, Mary, and Barbara Mills
in press Huayrachinas and Tocochimbos: Traditional Smelting Technology of the Southern Andes. Latin American Antiquity.

 

   


Funding for this project provided by the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Science Foundation, the Curtiss T. Brennan and Mary G. Brennan Foundation, and Colorado State University.

Please direct any comments or questions about the project to the director, Mary Van Buren.

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