“I believe in God, the Father almighty,
Creator of heaven and earth. I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son,
our Lord. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit, and born of
the Virgin Mary. He suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died
and buried. He descended to the dead. On the third day he rose again.
He ascended into heaven, and is seated at the right hand of the Father.
He will come again to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the
Holy Spirit, the holy catholic church, the communion of saints, the
forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life
everlasting. Amen.”
For example, Robert Funk, founder of the
Jesus Seminar wrote this:
We should give
Jesus a demotion. It is no longer credible to think of Jesus as divine.
Jesus' divinity goes together with the old theistic way of thinking
about God.
The plot early Christians invented for a divine redeemer
figure is as archaic as the mythology in which it is framed. A Jesus
who drops down out of heaven, performs some magical act that frees
human beings from the power of sin, rises from the dead, and returns to
heaven is simply no longer credible. The notion that he will return at
the end of time and sit in cosmic judgment is equally incredible. We
must find a new plot for a more credible Jesus.
The virgin birth of Jesus is an insult to modern
intelligence and should be abandoned. In addition, it is a pernicious
doctrine that denigrates women.
The doctrine of the atonement——the claim that God killed
his own son in order to satisfy his thirst for satisfaction——is
sub-rational and sub-ethical. This monstrous doctrine is the stepchild
of a primitive sacrificial system in which the gods had to be appeased
by offering them some special gift, such as a child or an animal.
The resurrection of Jesus did not involve the resuscitation
of a corpse. Jesus did not rise from the dead, except perhaps in some
metaphorical sense. The meaning of the resurrection is that a few of
his followers——probably no more than two or three——finally came to
understand what he was all about. When the significance of his words
and deeds dawned on them, they knew of no other terms in which to
express their amazement than to claim that they had seen him alive.
The expectation that Jesus will return and sit in cosmic
judgment is part and parcel of the mythological worldview that is now
defunct. Furthermore, it undergirds human lust for the punishment of
enemies and evildoers and the corresponding hope for rewards for the
pious and righteous. All apocalyptic elements should be expunged from
the Christian agenda.”
Elaine Pagels, professor of gnosticism at
Princeton University wrote this
Reflecting on
Jesus and Paul, I'm intrigued by the difference in what they taught.
According to Mark, the earliest of the gospels, Jesus came to announce
that "the Kingdom of God is coming-repent, and believe in the good
news!" Matthew and Luke added sayings in which Jesus tells what one has
to do to "enter the Kingdom"--which range from "take what you have and
give to the poor" to "love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul,
and mind, and love your neighbor as yourself." Yet Paul's
"gospel" was not about the Kingdom--it was about Jesus. Paul, instead
of asking his audience to follow the teachings of Jesus, demanded
belief in what he called "my gospel," which declared that "Christ died
for our sins...and that he was raised." Astonishingly, although Paul
had never met Jesus, he insisted that, having encountered the risen
Christ in a blaze of heavenly light, he understood the gospel far
better than any of those who, like Peter and James, had known Jesus
well. Paul knew Christ through his own direct encounter in "visions and
revelations."
The following are
passages taken from the New International Version in which Jesus
expresses
in his own words that he indeed is the Son of God:
Gospel of Matthew
Matthew 11: 27 "All
things have been committed to me by my
Father. No one knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the
Father except the Son and those to whom the Son chooses to reveal him.”
Matthew 16: 15-17 "But what
about you?" he asked. "Who do you say I
am?" Simon Peter answered, "You are the Christ, the Son of the
living God." Jesus replied, "Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for
this was not revealed to you by man, but by my Father in heaven.
Matthew 16: 24-28 Then Jesus
said to his disciples, "If anyone would
come after me, he must deny himself and take up his cross and follow
me. For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses
his life for me will find it. What good will it be for a man if he
gains the whole world, yet forfeits his soul? Or what can a man give in
exchange for his soul? For the Son of Man is going to come in his
Father's glory with his angels, and then he will reward each person
according to what he has done. I tell you the truth, some who are
standing here will not taste death before they see the Son of Man
coming in his kingdom."
Matthew 17: 22-23
When they came together in Galilee, he
said to them, "The Son of Man is going to be betrayed into the hands of
men. They will kill him, and on the third day he will be raised to
life." And the disciples were filled with grief.
Matthew 18: 19-20 "Again, I
tell you that if two of you on earth agree
about anything you ask for, it will be done for you by my Father in
heaven. For where two or three come together in my name, there am I
with them."
Matthew 20: 17-19 Now as Jesus
was going up to Jerusalem, he took the
twelve disciples aside and said to them, "We are going up to Jerusalem,
and the Son of Man will be betrayed to the chief priests and the
teachers of the law. They will condemn him to death and will turn him
over to the Gentiles to be mocked and flogged and crucified. On the
third day he will be raised to life!"
Matthew 25: 31-46 "When the
Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the
angels with him, he will sit on his throne in heavenly glory. All the
nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate the people
one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. He
will put the sheep on his right and the goats on his left. Then the
King will say to those on his right, 'Come, you who are blessed by my
Father; take your inheritance, the kingdom prepared for you since the
creation of the world. For I was hungry and you gave me something to
eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger
and you invited me in, I needed clothes and you clothed me, I was sick
and you looked after me, I was in prison and you came to visit me.'
Then the righteous will answer him, 'Lord, when did we see you hungry
and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink? When did we
see you a stranger and invite you in, or needing clothes and clothe
you? When did we see you sick or in prison and go to visit you?'
The King will reply, 'I tell you the truth, whatever you did for one of
the least of these brothers of mine, you did for me. Then he will say
to those on his left, 'Depart from me, you who are cursed, into the
eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry
and you gave me nothing to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me nothing
to drink, I was a stranger and you did not invite me in, I needed
clothes and you did not clothe me, I was sick and in prison and you did
not look after me. They also will answer, 'Lord, when did we see you
hungry or thirsty or a stranger or needing clothes or sick or in
prison, and did not help you? He will reply, 'I tell you the truth,
whatever you did not do for one of the least of these, you did not do
for me.' Then they will go away to eternal punishment, but the
righteous to eternal life."
Matthew 26: 26-29 While they
were eating, Jesus took bread, gave thanks
and broke it, and gave it to his disciples, saying, "Take and eat; this
is my body." Then he took the cup, gave thanks and offered it to them,
saying, "Drink from it, all of you. This is my blood of the covenant,
which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins. I tell
you, I will not drink of this fruit of the vine from now on until that
day when I drink it anew with you in my Father's kingdom."
Matthew 26: 62-64 Then the high
priest stood up and said to Jesus, "Are
you not going to answer? What is this testimony that these men are
bringing against you?" But Jesus remained silent. The high priest said
to him, "I charge you under oath by the living God: Tell us if you are
the Christ, the Son of God." "Yes, it is as you say," Jesus replied.
"But I say to all of you: In the future you will see the Son of Man
sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of
heaven."
Matthew 28: 16-20 Then the
eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the
mountain where Jesus had told them to go. When they saw him, they
worshiped him; but some doubted. Then Jesus came to them and said, "All
authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Therefore go and
make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father
and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey
everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to
the very end of the age."
Gospel of Mark
Mark
8: 34-38 Then he called the crowd to him along with his
disciples and said: "If anyone would come after me, he must deny
himself and take up his cross and follow me. For whoever wants to save
his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for me and for the
gospel will save it. What good is it for a man to gain the whole world,
yet forfeit his soul? Or what can a man give in exchange for his soul?
If anyone is ashamed of me and my words in this adulterous and sinful
generation, the Son of Man will be ashamed of him when he comes in his
Father's glory with the holy angels."
Mark 9: 38-41 "Teacher," said
John, "we saw a man driving out demons in
your name and we told him to stop, because he was not one of us."
"Do not stop him," Jesus said. "No one who does a miracle in my name
can in the next moment say anything bad about me, for whoever is not
against us is for us. I tell you the truth, anyone who gives you a cup
of water in my name because you belong to Christ will certainly
not lose his reward.
Mark 10: 32-34 They were on their way up to Jerusalem, with Jesus
leading the way, and the disciples were astonished, while those who
followed were afraid. Again he took the Twelve aside and told them what
was going to happen to him. "We are going up to Jerusalem," he said,
"and the Son of Man will be betrayed to the chief priests and teachers
of the law. They will condemn him to death and will hand him over to
the Gentiles, who will mock him and spit on him, flog him and kill him.
Three days later he will rise."
Mark 14: 60-62 Then the high
priest stood up before them and asked
Jesus, "Are you not going to answer? What is this testimony that these
men are bringing against you?" But Jesus remained silent and gave no
answer. Again the high priest asked him, "Are you the Christ, the Son
of the Blessed One?" "I am," said Jesus. "And you will see the Son of
Man sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the
clouds of heaven."
Mark 15: 1-2 Very early in the
morning, the chief priests, with the
elders, the teachers of the law and the whole Sanhedrin, reached a
decision. They bound Jesus, led him away and handed him over to Pilate.
Are you the king of the Jews?" asked Pilate. Yes, it is as you say,"
Jesus replied.
Mark 16: 14-20 Later Jesus
appeared to the Eleven as they were eating;
he rebuked them for their lack of faith and their stubborn refusal to
believe those who had seen him after he had risen. He said to them, "Go
into all the world and preach the good news to all
creation. Whoever believes and is baptized will be saved, but whoever
does not believe will be condemned. And these signs will accompany
those who believe: In my name they will drive out demons; they will
speak in new tongues; they will pick up snakes with their hands; and
when they drink deadly poison, it will not hurt them at all; they will
place their hands on sick people, and they will get well." After the
Lord Jesus had spoken to them, he was taken up into heaven and he sat
at the right hand of God. Then the disciples went out and preached
everywhere, and the Lord worked with them and confirmed his word by the
signs that accompanied it.
Gospel of Luke
Luke 2: 48-50 When his
parents saw him, they were astonished. His
mother said to him, "Son, why have you treated us like this? Your
father and I have been anxiously searching for you."
"Why were you searching for me?" he asked. "Didn't you know I had to be
in my Father's house?" But they did not understand what he was saying
to them.
Luke 3: 16-21 He went to
Nazareth, where he had been brought up, and on
the Sabbath day he went into the synagogue, as was his custom. And he
stood up to read. The scroll of the prophet
Isaiah was handed to him. Unrolling it, he found the place where it is
written: "The Spirit of the Lord is on me, because he has anointed me
to preach good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim freedom for
the prisoners and recovery of sight for the blind, to release the
oppressed, to proclaim the year of the Lord's favor." Then he rolled up
the scroll, gave it back to the attendant and sat down. The eyes of
everyone in the synagogue were fastened on him, and he began by saying
to them, "Today this scripture is fulfilled in your hearing."
Luke 18: 31-34 Jesus took the
Twelve aside and told them, "We are going
up to Jerusalem, and everything that is written by the prophets about
the Son of Man will be fulfilled. He will be handed over to the
Gentiles. They will mock him, insult him, spit on him, flog him and
kill him. On the third day he will rise again." The disciples did not
understand any of this. Its meaning was hidden from them, and they did
not know what he was talking about.
Luke 24: 44-49 He said to
them, "This is what I told you while I was
still with you: Everything must be fulfilled that is written about me
in the Law of Moses, the Prophets and the Psalms." Then he opened
their minds so they could understand the Scriptures. He
told them, "This is what is written: The Christ will suffer and rise
from the dead on the third day, and repentance and forgiveness of sins
will be preached in his name to all nations, beginning at Jerusalem.
You are witnesses of these things. I am going to send you what my
Father has promised; but stay in the city until you have been clothed
with power from on high."
Gospel of John
John 2: 18-19 Then the
Jews demanded of him, "What miraculous
sign can you show us to prove your authority to do all this?" Jesus
answered them, "Destroy this temple, and I will raise it again in three
days."
John 3: 16-21 "For God so
loved the world that he gave his one and only
Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal
life. For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world,
but to save the world through him. Whoever believes in him is not
condemned, but whoever does not believe stands condemned already
because he has not believed in the name of God's one and only Son. This
is the verdict: Light has come into the world, but men loved darkness
instead of light because their deeds were evil. Everyone who does evil
hates the light, and will not come into the light for fear that his
deeds will be exposed. But whoever lives by the truth comes into the
light, so that it may be seen plainly that what he has done has been
done through God."
John 5: 18-25 For this reason
the Jews tried all the harder to kill
him; not only was he breaking the Sabbath, but he was even calling God
his own Father, making himself equal with God. Jesus gave them
this answer: "I tell you the truth, the Son can do
nothing by himself; he can do only what he sees his Father doing,
because whatever the Father does the Son also does. For the Father
loves the Son and shows him all he does. Yes, to your amazement he will
show him even greater things than these. For just as the Father raises
the dead and gives them life, even so the Son gives life to whom he is
pleased to give it. Moreover, the Father judges no one, but has
entrusted all judgment to the Son, that all may honor the Son just as
they honor the Father. He who does not honor the Son does not honor the
Father, who sent him. "I tell you the truth, whoever hears my word and
believes him who sent me has eternal life and will not be condemned; he
has crossed over from death to life. I tell you the truth, a time is
coming and has now come when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of
God and those who hear will live.
John 5: 36-40 "I have testimony weightier than that of John. For the
very work that the Father has given me to finish, and which I am doing,
testifies that the Father has sent me. And the Father who sent me has
himself testified concerning me. You have never heard his voice nor
seen his form, nor does his word dwell in you, for you do not believe
the one he sent. You diligently study the Scriptures because you think
that by them you possess eternal life. These are the Scriptures that
testify about me, yet you refuse to come to me to have life.
John 6: 35-40 Then Jesus
declared, "I am the bread of life. He who
comes to me will never go hungry, and he who believes in me will never
be thirsty. But as I told you, you have seen me and still you do not
believe. All that the Father gives me will come to me, and whoever
comes to me I will never drive away. For I have come down from heaven
not to do my will but to do the will of him who sent me. And this is
the will of him who sent me, that I shall lose none of all that he has
given me, but raise them up at the last day. For my Father's will is
that everyone who looks to the Son and believes in him shall have
eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day."
John 6: 53-58 Jesus said to
them, "I tell you the truth, unless you eat
the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in
you. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I
will raise him up at the last day. For my flesh is real food and my
blood is real drink. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains
in me, and I in him. Just as the living Father sent me and I live
because of the Father, so the one who feeds on me will live because of
me. This is the bread that came down from heaven. Your forefathers ate
manna and died, but he who feeds on this bread will live forever."
John 7: 15-19 The Jews were
amazed and asked, "How did this man get
such learning without having studied?" Jesus answered, "My teaching is
not my own. It comes from him who sent me. If anyone chooses to do
God's will, he will find out whether my teaching comes from God or
whether I speak on my own. He who speaks on his own does so to gain
honor for himself, but he who works for the honor of the one who sent
him is a man of truth; there is nothing false about him. Has not Moses
given you the law? Yet not one of you keeps the law. Why are you trying
to kill me?"
John 8: 12 When Jesus spoke
again to the people, he said, "I am the
light of the world. Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness, but
will have the light of life."
John 8: 42-47 Jesus said to
them, "If God were your Father, you would
love me, for I came from God and now am here. I have not come on my
own; but he sent me. Why is my language not clear to you? Because you
are unable to hear what I say. You belong to your father, the devil,
and you want to carry out your father's desire. He was a murderer from
the beginning, not holding to the truth, for there is no truth in him.
When he lies, he speaks his native language, for he is a liar and the
father of lies. Yet because I tell the truth, you do not believe me!
Can any of you prove me guilty of sin? If I am telling the truth, why
don't you believe me? He who belongs to God hears what God says. The
reason you do not hear is that you do not belong to God."
John 10: 7-18 Therefore Jesus
said again, "I tell you the truth, I am
the gate for the sheep. ll who ever came before me were thieves and
robbers, but the sheep did not listen to them. I am the gate; whoever
enters through me will be saved. He will come in and go out, and find
pasture. The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy; I have
come that they may have life, and have it to the full. "I am the good
shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. The hired
hand is not the shepherd who owns the sheep. So when he sees the wolf
coming, he abandons the sheep and runs away. Then the wolf attacks the
flock and scatters it. The man runs away because he is a hired hand and
cares nothing for the sheep. "I am the good shepherd; I know my sheep
and my sheep know me just as the Father knows me and I know the Father
and I lay down my life for the sheep. I have other sheep that are not
of this sheep pen. I must bring them also. They too will listen to my
voice, and there shall be one flock and one shepherd. The reason my
Father loves me is that I lay down my life only to take it up again. No
one takes it from me, but I lay it down of my own accord. I have
authority to lay it down and authority to take it up again. This
command I received from my Father."
John 11:25-27 Jesus said to
her, "I am the resurrection and the life.
He who believes in me will live, even though he dies; and whoever lives
and believes in me will never die. Do you believe this?" "Yes, Lord,"
she told him, "I believe that you are the Christ, the Son of God, who
was to come into the world."
John 12: 45-50 When he looks at
me, he sees the one who sent me. I have
come into the world as a light, so that no one who believes in me
should stay in darkness. "As for the person who hears my words but does
not keep them, I do not judge him. For I did not come to judge the
world, but to save it. There is a judge for the one who rejects me and
does not accept my words; that very word which I spoke will condemn him
at the last day. For I did not speak of my own accord, but the Father
who sent me commanded me what to say and how to say it. I know that his
command leads to eternal life. So whatever I say is just what the
Father has told me to say."
John 14:6-7 Jesus answered, "I
am the way and the truth and the life.
No one comes to the Father except through me. If you really knew me,
you would know my Father as well. From now on, you do know him and have
seen him."
John 15:1-9 "I am the true
vine, and my Father is the gardener. He cuts
off every branch in me that bears no fruit, while every branch that
does bear fruit he prunes so that it will be even more fruitful. You
are already clean because of the word I have spoken to you. Remain in
me, and I will remain in you. No branch can bear fruit by itself; it
must remain in the vine. Neither can you bear fruit unless you remain
in me. "I am the vine; you are the branches. If a man remains in me and
I in him, he will bear much fruit; apart from me you can do nothing. If
anyone does not remain in me, he is like a branch that is thrown away
and withers; such branches are picked up, thrown into the fire and
burned. If you remain in me and my words remain in you, ask whatever
you wish, and it will be given you. This is to my Father's glory, that
you bear much fruit, showing yourselves to be my disciples. As the
Father has loved me, so have I loved you. Now remain in my love.
John 17:1-15 After Jesus said
this, he looked toward heaven and prayed:
"Father, the time has come. Glorify your Son, that your Son may glorify
you. For you granted him authority over all people that he might give
eternal life to all those you have given him. Now this is eternal life:
that they may know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom you
have sent. I have brought you glory on earth by completing the work you
gave me to do. And now, Father, glorify me in your presence with the
glory I had with you before the world began. "I have revealed you to
those whom you gave me out of the world. They were yours; you gave them
to me and they have obeyed your word. Now they know that everything you
have given me comes from you. For I gave them the words you gave me and
they accepted them. They knew with certainty that I came from you, and
they believed that you sent me. I pray for them. I am not praying for
the world, but for those you have given me, for they are yours. All I
have is yours, and all you have is mine. And glory has come to me
through them. I will remain in the world no longer, but they are still
in the world, and I am coming to you. Holy Father, protect them by the
power of your name——the name you gave me——so that they may be one as we
are one. While I was with them, I protected them and kept them safe by
that name you gave me. None has been lost except the one doomed to
destruction so that Scripture would be fulfilled. "I am coming to you
now, but I say these things while I am still in the world, so that they
may have the full measure of my joy within them. I have given them your
word and the world has hated them, for they are not of the world any
more than I am of the world. My prayer is not that you take them out of
the world but that you protect them from the evil one.
Tthe
importance of Christ to salvation is found in all four
gospels,
and is by no means unique to the Gospel of John:
Gospel of Matthew
Matthew 7: 13-14 "Enter through
the narrow gate. For wide is the gate
and broad is the road that leads to destruction, and many enter through
it. But small is the gate and narrow the road that leads to life, and
only a few find it.”
Matthew 10: 32-34 "Whoever
acknowledges me before men, I will also
acknowledge him before my Father in heaven. But whoever disowns me
before men, I will disown him before my Father
Matthew 12: 30-32 "He who
is not with me is against me, and he
who does not gather with me scatters. And so I tell you, every sin and
blasphemy will be forgiven men, but the blasphemy against the Spirit
will not be forgiven. Anyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man
will be forgiven, but anyone who speaks against the Holy Spirit will
not be forgiven, either in this age or in the age to come.”
Matthew 16: 24-28 Then Jesus
said to his disciples, "If anyone would
come after me, he must deny himself and take up his cross and follow
me. For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses
his life for me will find it. What good will it be for a man if he
gains the whole world, yet forfeits his soul? Or what can a man give in
exchange for his soul? For the Son of Man is going to come in his
Father's glory with his angels, and then he will reward each person
according to what he has done. I tell you the truth, some who are
standing here will not taste death before they see the Son of Man
coming in his kingdom."
Matthew 18: 1-6 At that time the disciples came to Jesus and asked,
"Who is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven?" He called a little
child and had him stand among them. And he said: "I tell you the truth,
unless you change and become like little children, you will never enter
the kingdom of heaven. Therefore, whoever humbles himself like this
child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven. And whoever welcomes a
little child like this in my name welcomes me. But if anyone causes one
of these little ones who believe in me to sin, it would be better for
him to have a large millstone hung around his neck and to be drowned in
the depths of the sea.
Matthew 25: 31-46 "When the Son
of Man comes in his glory, and all the
angels with him, he will sit on his throne in heavenly glory. All the
nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate the people
one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. He
will put the sheep on his right and the goats on his left. Then the
King will say to those on his right, 'Come, you who are blessed by my
Father; take your inheritance, the kingdom prepared for you since the
creation of the world. For I was hungry and you gave me something to
eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger
and you invited me in, I needed clothes and you clothed me, I was sick
and you looked after me, I was in prison and you came to visit me.'
Then the righteous will answer him, 'Lord, when did we see you hungry
and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink? When did we
see you a stranger and invite you in, or needing clothes and clothe
you? When did we see you sick or in prison and go to visit you?'
The King will reply, 'I tell you the truth, whatever you did for one of
the least of these brothers of mine, you did for me. Then he will say
to those on his left, 'Depart from me, you who are cursed, into the
eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry
and you gave me nothing to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me nothing
to drink, I was a stranger and you did not invite me in, I needed
clothes and you did not clothe me, I was sick and in prison and you did
not look after me. They also will answer, 'Lord, when did we see you
hungry or thirsty or a stranger or needing clothes or sick or in
prison, and did not help you? He will reply, 'I tell you the truth,
whatever you did not do for one of the least of these, you did not do
for me.' Then they will go away to eternal punishment, but the
righteous to eternal life."
Gospel of Mark
Mark 8: 34-38 Then he called
the crowd to him along with his disciples
and said: "If anyone would come after me, he must deny himself and take
up his cross and follow me. For whoever wants to save his life will
lose it, but whoever loses his life for me and for the gospel will save
it. What good is it for a man to gain the whole world, yet forfeit his
soul? Or what can a man give in exchange for his soul? If anyone is
ashamed of me and my words in this adulterous and sinful generation,
the Son of Man will be ashamed of him when he comes in his Father's
glory with the holy angels."
Mark 9: 38-41 "Teacher," said
John, "we saw a man driving out demons in
your name and we told him to stop, because he was not one of us."
"Do not stop him," Jesus said. "No one who does a miracle in my name
can in the next moment say anything bad about me, for whoever is not
against us is for us. I tell you the truth, anyone who gives you a cup
of water in my name because you belong to Christ will certainly
not lose his reward.
Gospel of Luke
Luke 9: 20 -27 "But what about
you?" he asked. "Who do you say I am?"
Peter answered, "The Christ of God." Jesus strictly warned them not to
tell this to anyone. And he said, "The Son of Man must suffer many
things and be rejected by the elders, chief priests and teachers of the
law, and he must be killed and on the third day be raised to life."
Then he said to them all: "If anyone would come after me, he must deny
himself and take up his cross daily and follow me. For whoever wants to
save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for me will save
it. What good is it for a man to gain the whole world, and yet lose or
forfeit his very self? If anyone is ashamed of me and my words, the Son
of Man will be ashamed of him when he comes in his glory and in the
glory of the Father and of the holy angels. I tell you the truth, some
who are standing here will not taste death before they see the kingdom
of God."
Luke 12: 8-10 "I tell you,
whoever acknowledges me before men, the Son
of Man will also acknowledge him before the angels of God. But he who
disowns me before men will be disowned before the angels of God. And
everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but
anyone who blasphemes against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven.
Luke 13: 22-30 Then Jesus went
through the towns and villages, teaching
as he made his way to Jerusalem. Someone asked him, "Lord, are only a
few people going to be saved?" He said to them,"Make every effort
to enter through the narrow door,
because many, I tell you, will try to enter and will not be able to.
Once the owner of the house gets up and closes the door, you will stand
outside knocking and pleading, 'Sir, open the door for us.' "But he
will answer, 'I don't know you or where you come from.'"Then you will
say, 'We ate and drank with you, and you taught in our streets.'"But he
will reply, 'I don't know you or where you come from. Away from me, all
you evildoers!'"There will be weeping there, and gnashing of teeth,
when you see Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and all the prophets in the
kingdom of God, but you yourselves thrown out. People will come from
east and west and north and south, and will take their places at the
feast in the kingdom of God. 30Indeed there are those who are last who
will be first, and first who will be last."
Gospel of John
John 3: 1-8 Now there was a
man of the Pharisees named Nicodemus, a
member of the Jewish ruling council. He came to Jesus at night and
said, "Rabbi, we know you are a teacher who has come from God.
For no one could perform the miraculous signs you are doing if God were
not with him." In reply Jesus declared, "I tell you the truth, no one
can see the kingdom of God unless he is born again.""How can a man be
born when he is old?" Nicodemus asked. "Surely he cannot enter a second
time into his mother's womb to be born!" Jesus answered, "I tell you
the truth, no one can enter the kingdom of God unless he is born of
water and the Spirit. Flesh gives birth to flesh, but the Spirit gives
birth to spirit. You should not be surprised at my saying, 'You must be
born again.'The wind blows wherever it pleases. You hear its sound, but
you cannot tell where it comes from or where it is going. So it is with
everyone born of the Spirit."
John 3: 16-21 "For God so loved
the world that he gave his one and only
Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal
life. For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world,
but to save the world through him. Whoever believes in him is not
condemned, but whoever does not believe stands condemned already
because he has not believed in the name of God's one and only Son. This
is the verdict: Light has come into the world, but men loved darkness
instead of light because their deeds were evil. Everyone who does evil
hates the light, and will not come into the light for fear that his
deeds will be exposed. But whoever lives by the truth comes into the
light, so that it may be seen plainly that what he has done has been
done through God."
John 5: 18-25 For this reason
the Jews tried all the harder to kill
him; not only was he breaking the Sabbath, but he was even calling God
his own Father, making himself equal with God.
Jesus gave them this answer: "I tell you the truth, the Son can do
nothing by himself; he can do only what he sees his Father doing,
because whatever the Father does the Son also does. For the Father
loves the Son and shows him all he does. Yes, to your amazement he will
show him even greater things than these. For just as the Father raises
the dead and gives them life, even so the Son gives life to whom he is
pleased to give it. Moreover, the Father judges no one, but has
entrusted all judgment to the Son, that all may honor the Son just as
they honor the Father. He who does not honor the Son does not honor the
Father, who sent him. "I tell you the truth, whoever hears my word and
believes him who sent me has eternal life and will not be condemned; he
has crossed over from death to life. I tell you the truth, a time is
coming and has now come when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of
God and those who hear will live.
John 5: 36-40 I have testimony
weightier than that of John. For the
very work that the Father has given me to finish, and which I am doing,
testifies that the Father has sent me. And the Father who sent me has
himself testified concerning me. You have never heard his voice nor
seen his form, nor does his word dwell in you, for you do not believe
the one he sent. You diligently study the Scriptures because you think
that by them you possess eternal life. These are the Scriptures that
testify about me, yet you refuse to come to me to have life.
John 6: 53-58 Jesus said to
them, "I tell you the truth, unless you eat
the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in
you. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I
will raise him up at the last day. For my flesh is real food and my
blood is real drink. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains
in me, and I in him. Just as the living Father sent me and I live
because of the Father, so the one who feeds on me will live because of
me. This is the bread that came down from heaven. Your forefathers ate
manna and died, but he who feeds on this bread will live forever."
John 10: 7-18 Therefore
Jesus said again, "I tell you the truth,
I am the gate for the sheep. All who ever came before me were thieves
and robbers, but the sheep did not listen to them. I am the gate;
whoever enters through me will be saved. He will come in and go out,
and find pasture. The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy; I
have come that they may have life, and have it to the full."I am the
good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. The
hired hand is not the shepherd who owns the sheep. So when he sees the
wolf coming, he abandons the sheep and runs away. Then the wolf attacks
the flock and scatters it. The man runs away because he is a hired hand
and cares nothing for the sheep. "I am the good shepherd; I know
my sheep and my sheep know me just as the Father knows me and I know
the Father and I lay down my life for the sheep. I have other sheep
that are not of this sheep pen. I must bring them also. They too will
listen to my voice, and there shall be one flock and one shepherd. The
reason my Father loves me is that I lay down my life only to take it up
again. No one takes it from me, but I lay it down of my own accord. I
have authority to lay it down and authority to take it up again. This
command I received from my Father."
J
ohn 11: 25-27 Jesus said to
her, "I am the resurrection and the life.
He who believes in me will live, even though he dies; and whoever lives
and believes in me will never die. Do you believe this?" "Yes, Lord,"
she told him, "I believe that you are the Christ, the Son of God, who
was to come into the world."
John 12: 45-50 When he looks at
me, he sees the one who sent me. I have
come into the world as a light, so that no one who believes in me
should stay in darkness. "As for the person who hears my words but does
not keep them, I do not judge him. For I did not come to judge the
world, but to save it. There is a judge for the one who rejects me and
does not accept my words; that very word which I spoke will condemn him
at the last day. For I did not speak of my own accord, but the Father
who sent me commanded me what to say and how to say it. I know that his
command leads to eternal life. So whatever I say is just what the
Father has told me to say."
John 14: 6-7 Jesus answered, "I
am the way and the truth and the life.
No one comes to the Father except through me. If you really knew me,
you would know my Father as well. From now on, you do know him and have
seen him."
John 15: 1-9 "I am the true
vine, and my Father is the gardener. He
cuts off every branch in me that bears no fruit, while every branch
that does bear fruit he prunes so that it will be even more fruitful.
You are already clean because of the word I have spoken to you. Remain
in me, and I will remain in you. No branch can bear fruit by itself; it
must remain in the vine. Neither can you bear fruit unless you remain
in me. "I am the vine; you are the branches. If a man remains in me and
I in him, he will bear much fruit; apart from me you can do nothing. If
anyone does not remain in me, he is like a branch that is thrown away
and withers; such branches are picked up, thrown into the fire and
burned. If you remain in me and my words remain in you, ask whatever
you wish, and it will be given you. This is to my Father's glory, that
you bear much fruit, showing yourselves to be my disciples. "As the
Father has loved me, so have I loved you. Now remain in my love.
The Words of Jesus on Love
Gospel of Matthew
Matthew 3: 17 And a
voice from heaven said, "This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well
pleased."
Matthew 5: 43-47 "You have
heard that it was said, 'Love your neighbor and hate your enemy.' But I
tell you: Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, that
you may be sons of your Father in heaven. He causes his sun to rise on
the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the
unrighteous. If you love those who love you, what reward will you get?
Are not even the tax collectors doing that? And if you greet only your
brothers, what are you doing more than others? Do not even pagans do
that?
Matthew 6: 5-6 "And when you
pray, do not be like the hypocrites, for they love to pray standing in
the synagogues and on the street corners to be seen by men. I tell you
the truth, they have received their reward in full. But when you pray,
go into your room, close the door and pray to your Father, who is
unseen. Then your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward
you.
Matthew 6: 24 "No one can
serve two masters. Either he will hate the one and love the other, or
he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve
both God and Money.
Matthew 10: 37-38 "Anyone who
loves his father or mother more than me is not worthy of me; anyone who
loves his son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me; and anyone
who does not take his cross and follow me is not worthy of me.
Matthew 12: 18 "Here is
my servant whom I have chosen, the one I love, in whom I delight; I
will put my Spirit on him, and he will proclaim justice to the nations.
Matthew 17: 5 While he was
still speaking, a bright cloud enveloped them, and a voice from the
cloud said, "This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased.
Listen to him!"
Matthew 19: 19 Jesus
replied, " 'Do not murder, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not
give false testimony, honor your father and mother,' and 'love your
neighbor as yourself.' "
Matthew 22: 36-40 "Teacher,
which is the greatest commandment in the Law?" Jesus replied: " 'Love
the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with
all your mind.' This is the first and greatest commandment. And the
second is like it: 'Love your neighbor as yourself.' All the Law and
the Prophets hang on these two commandments."
Gospel of Mark
Mark 10: 21 Jesus looked at him
and loved him. "One thing you lack," he said. "Go, sell everything you
have and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then
come, follow me."
Mark 12: 29-33 "The most
important one," answered Jesus, "is this: 'Hear, O Israel, the Lord our
God, the Lord is one. Love the Lord your God with all your heart and
with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength.'
The second is this: 'Love your neighbor as yourself.'There is no
commandment greater than these." "Well said, teacher," the man
replied. "You are right in saying that God is one and there is no other
but him. To love him with all your heart, with all your understanding
and with all your strength, and to love your neighbor as yourself is
more important than all burnt offerings and sacrifices."
Gospel of Luke
Luke 3: 21 When all the people
were being baptized, Jesus was baptized too. And as he was praying,
heaven was opened and the Holy Spirit descended on him in bodily form
like a dove. And a voice came from heaven: "You are my Son, whom I
love; with you I am well pleased."
Luke 6: 27-36 "But I tell you
who hear me: Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, bless
those who curse you, pray for those who mistreat you. If someone
strikes you on one cheek, turn to him the other also. If someone takes
your cloak, do not stop him from taking your tunic. Give to everyone
who asks you, and if anyone takes what belongs to you, do not demand it
back. Do to others as you would have them do to you. "If you love
those who love you, what credit is that to you? Even 'sinners' love
those who love them. And if you do good to those who are good to you,
what credit is that to you? Even 'sinners' do that. And if you lend to
those from whom you expect repayment, what credit is that to you? Even
'sinners' lend to 'sinners,' expecting to be repaid in full. But love
your enemies, do good to them, and lend to them without expecting to
get anything back. Then your reward will be great, and you will be sons
of the Most High, because he is kind to the ungrateful and wicked. Be
merciful, just as your Father is merciful.
Luke 7: 40 -48 Jesus answered
him, "Simon, I have something to tell you." "Tell me, teacher," he
said. "Two men owed money to a certain moneylender. One owed him five
hundred denarii, and the other fifty. Neither of them had the money to
pay him back, so he canceled the debts of both. Now which of them will
love him more?" Simon replied, "I suppose the one who had the bigger
debt canceled." "You have judged correctly," Jesus said. Then he turned
toward the woman and said to Simon, "Do you see this woman? I came into
your house. You did not give me any water for my feet, but she wet my
feet with her tears and wiped them with her hair. You did not give me a
kiss, but this woman, from the time I entered, has not stopped kissing
my feet. You did not put oil on my head, but she has poured perfume on
my feet. Therefore, I tell you, her many sins have been forgiven—for
she loved much. But he who has been forgiven little loves little." Then
Jesus said to her, "Your sins are forgiven."
Luke 10: 27 He answered: "
'Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and
with all your strength and with all your mind'; and, 'Love your
neighbor as yourself.'"
Luke 11: 42-43 "Woe to you
Pharisees, because you give God a tenth of your mint, rue and all other
kinds of garden herbs, but you neglect justice and the love of God. You
should have practiced the latter without leaving the former undone.
"Woe to you Pharisees, because you love the most important seats in the
synagogues and greetings in the marketplaces.
Luke 16: 12-14 And if you have
not been trustworthy with someone else's property, who will give you
property of your own? "No servant can serve two masters. Either he will
hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and
despise the other. You cannot serve both God and Money." The Pharisees,
who loved money, heard all this and were eering at Jesus.
Gospel of John
John 3:16 For God so loved the world that he gave his one and
only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have
eternal life.
John 3: 18-19 Whoever believes
in him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe stands condemned
already because he has not believed in the name of God's one and only
Son. This is the verdict: Light has come into the world, but men loved
darkness instead of light because their deeds were evil.
John 5: 20 For the Father
loves the Son and shows him all he does. Yes, to your amazement he will
show him even greater things than these.
John 5: 41-43 "I do not accept
praise from men, but I know you. I know that you do not have the love
of God in your hearts. I have come in my Father's name, and you do not
accept me; but if someone else comes in his own name, you will accept
him.
John 8: 42-43 Jesus said
to them, "If God were your Father, you would love me, for I came from
God and now am here. I have not come on my own; but he sent me. Why is
my language not clear to you? Because you are unable to hear what I say.
John 10: 17-18 The reason
my Father loves me is that I lay down my life only to take it up again.
No one takes it from me, but I lay it down of my own accord. I have
authority to lay it down and authority to take it up again. This
command I received from my Father."
John 12: 25-26 The man who
loves his life will lose it, while the man who hates his life in this
world will keep it for eternal life. Whoever serves me must follow me;
and where I am, my servant also will be. My Father will honor the one
who serves me.
John 13: 34-35 "A new command I
give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one
another. By this all men will know that you are my disciples, if you
love one another."
John 14: 15 "If you love me,
you will obey what I command.”
John 14: 21-22 Whoever has my
commands and obeys them, he is the one who loves me. He who loves me
will be loved by my Father, and I too will love him and show myself to
him." Then Judas (not Judas Iscariot) said, "But, Lord, why do you
intend to show yourself to us and not to the world?" Jesus replied, "If
anyone loves me, he will obey my teaching. My Father will love him, and
we will come to him and make our home with him. He who does not love me
will not obey my teaching. These words you hear are not my own; they
belong to the Father who sent me.
John 14: 28-29 "You heard me
say, 'I am going away and I am coming back to you.' If you loved me,
you would be glad that I am going to the Father, for the Father is
greater than I. I have told you now before it happens, so that when it
does happen you will believe
John 15: 9-17 "As the Father
has loved me, so have I loved you. Now remain in my love. If you obey
my commands, you will remain in my love, just as I have obeyed my
Father's commands and remain in his love. I have told you this so that
my joy may be in you and that your joy may be complete. My command is
this: Love each other as I have loved you. Greater love has no one than
this, that he lay down his life for his friends. You are my friends if
you do what I command. I no longer call you servants, because a servant
does not know his master's business. Instead, I have called you
friends, for everything that I learned from my Father I have made known
to you. You did not choose me, but I chose you and appointed you to go
and bear fruit——fruit that will last. Then the Father will give you
whatever you ask in my name. This is my command: Love each other.
John 16: 26-28 In that day you
will ask in my name. I am not saying that I will ask the Father on your
behalf. No, the Father himself loves you because you have loved me and
have believed that I came from God. I came from the Father and entered
the world; now I am leaving the world and going back to the Father."
John 17:22-26 I have given them
the glory that you gave me, that they may be one as we are one: I in
them and you in me. May they be brought to complete unity to let the
world know that you sent me and have loved them even as you have loved
me. "Father, I want those you have given me to be with me where I am,
and to see my glory, the glory you have given me because you loved me
before the creation of the world. "Righteous Father, though the world
does not know you, I know you, and they know that you have sent me. I
have made you known to them, and will continue to make you known in
order that the love you have for me may be in them and that I myself
may be in them.
John 19: 26 When Jesus saw his
mother there, and the disciple whom he loved standing nearby, he said
to his mother, "Dear woman, here is your son,"
John 20: 2 So she came running
to Simon Peter and the other disciple, the one Jesus loved, and said,
"They have taken the Lord out of the tomb, and we don't know where they
have put him!"
John 21: 7 Then the disciple
whom Jesus loved said to Peter, "It is the Lord!" As soon as Simon
Peter heard him say, "It is the Lord," he wrapped his outer garment
around him (for he had taken it off) and jumped into the water.
John 21:15-17 When they had
finished eating, Jesus said to Simon Peter, "Simon son of John, do you
truly love me more than these?" "Yes, Lord," he said, "you know that I
love you." Jesus said, "Feed my lambs." Again Jesus said, "Simon
son of John, do you truly love me?"
He answered, "Yes, Lord, you know that I love you." Jesus said, "Take
care of my sheep." The third time he said to him, "Simon son of
John, do you love me?" Peter was hurt because Jesus asked him the third
time, "Do you love me?" He said, "Lord, you know all things; you know
that I love you."
Words of Paul on Love
Inspired by Christ's teaching of a
Gospel of love perhaps the greatest words on love ever written
are those written by Paul in 1 Corinthians 13:1-13:
If I speak in the
tongues of men and of
angels, but have not love, I am only a resounding gong or a clanging
cymbal. If I have the gift of prophecy and can fathom all mysteries and
all knowledge, and if I have a faith that can move mountains, but have
not love, I am nothing. If I give all I possess to the poor and
surrender my body to the flames, but have not love, I gain nothing.
Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it
is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily
angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil
but rejoices with the truth. t always protects, always trusts, always
hopes, always perseveres.
Love never fails. But where there are prophecies, they will cease;
where there are tongues, they will be stilled; where there is
knowledge, it will pass away. For we know in part and we prophesy in
part, but when perfection comes, the imperfect disappears. When I was a
child, I talked like a child, I thought like a child, I reasoned like a
child. When I became a man, I put childish ways behind me. Now we see
but a poor reflection as in a mirror; then we shall see face to face.
Now I know in part; then I shall know fully, even as I am fully known.
And now these three remain: faith, hope and love. But the greatest of
these is love.
Love in the New Testament and the Koran.
The
word love is used 258 times in the New Testament and 84 times in the
Koran. In the New Testament God's love is unconditional. In the
Koran the great majority of
verses containing the word love deal with the requirement to love Allah
and Allah’s love for people. In connection with the latter there
are more examples of Allah not loving individuals who do bad things
than Allah loving individuals who do good things. In connection
with the former, Allah does not love unbelievers, mischief makers, and
those who exceed limits, are unfaithful, ungrateful, exultant,
treacherous, sinful, unjust and arrogant boasters. On the other
hand Allah loves those who love and follow Allah, do good, act and
judge equitably, are patient and trustful.
Discussion
Paul
did not distort
the teachings of Jesus, and did not invent the divinity of Jesus.
Jesus understood full well that he was the
Son of God, not in the sense that
we all are made in the image of God, but rather
in the unique way that
John expressed in his Gospel:
"the only begotten son
of God." And it isn't only in John but in the other three
synoptic gospels where Jesus makes clear that it is his own
understanding that his relationship with God his father is special and
quite distinct from our relationship with God our father.
In her book
Beyond Belief
Elaine Pagels compares the
Gospel of John
with what is referred to as the
gospel of Thomas.
The latter is not a gospel in the true meaning of the word but rather
is a collection of sayings of Jesus from the second century and found
in a gnostic library in Egypt. She cites the following
saying of Jesus found in Thomas:
Jesus said, "If those
who lead you say to you, 'See, the kingdom is in the sky,' then the
birds of the sky will precede you. If they say to you, 'It is in the
sea,' then the fish will precede you. Rather, the kingdom is inside of
you, and it is outside of you. When you come to know yourselves, then
you will become known, and you will realize that it is you who are the
sons of the living father. But if you will not know yourselves, you
dwell in poverty and it is you who are that poverty." and
"If they say to
you, 'Where did you come from?', say to them, 'We came from the light,
the place where the light came into being on its own accord and
established itself and became manifest through their image.' If they
say to you, 'Is it you?', say, 'We are its children, we are the elect
of the living father.' If they ask you, 'What is the sign of your
father in you?', say to them, 'It is movement and repose.'"
John starts out his Gospel with this statement
John 1:1-5 In the beginning was
the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the
beginning. Through him all things
were made; without him nothing was made that has been made. In him was life, and
that life was the light of men. The light shines in the
darkness, but the darkness has not understood it.. Pagels
sees this as consistent with the views of Jesus in Thomas cited above
but then, she observes, accurately, that John veers sharply away
from this view to the view of the
indispensibility of Christ for salvation as expressed so well in
John
3:16-21
"For God so loved the
world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him
shall not perish but have eternal life. For God did not send his Son
into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through him.
Whoever believes in him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe
stands condemned already because he has not believed in the name of
God's one and only Son. This is the verdict: Light has come into the
world, but men loved darkness instead of light because their deeds were
evil. Everyone who does evil hates the light, and will not come into
the light for fear that his deeds will be exposed. But whoever lives by
the truth comes into the light, so that it may be seen plainly that
what he has done has been done through God."
Paul wrote in
1 Corinthians 15: 12-19, the resurrection is the central
event that led to Christianity:
"But if it is preached
that Christ has been raised from the dead, how can some of you say that
there is no resurrection of the dead? If there is no resurrection of
the dead, then not even Christ has been raised. And if Christ has not
been raised, our preaching is useless and so is your faith. More than
that, we are then found to be false witnesses about God, for we have
testified about God that he raised Christ from the dead. But he did not
raise him if in fact the dead are not raised. For if the dead are not
raised, then Christ has not been raised either. And if Christ has not
been raised, your faith is futile; you are still in your sins. Then
those also who have fallen asleep in Christ are lost. If only for this
life we have hope in Christ, we are to be pitied more than all
men." A belief that rejects the ressurection and
the divinity of Jesus but rather holds that Jesus was merely a good
teacher of excellent character is not a Christian belief but is
essentially unitarianism.
People living at the time of Jesus knew full well
that people dead for three days did not simply get up and walk.
Such an occurence had to be beyond human understanding. Paul
described his understanding of the resurrection in
1 Corinthians 15:
35-49: "Someone may ask, "How are the dead raised? With what kind of
body will they come?" How foolish! What you sow does not come to life
unless it dies. When you sow, you do not plant the body that will be,
but just a seed, perhaps of wheat or of something else. But God gives
it a body as he has determined, and to each kind of seed he gives its
own body. All flesh is not the same: Men have one kind of flesh,
animals have another, birds another and fish another. There are also
heavenly bodies and there are earthly bodies; but the splendor of the
heavenly bodies is one kind, and the splendor of the earthly bodies is
another. The sun has one kind of splendor, the moon another and the
stars another; and star differs from star in splendor. So will it
be with the resurrection of the dead. The body that is sown is
perishable, it is raised imperishable; it is sown in dishonor, it is
raised in glory; it is sown in weakness, it is raised in power; it is
sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body. If there is a
natural body, there is also a spiritual body. So it is written: "The
first man Adam became a living being"; the last Adam, a life-giving
spirit. The spiritual did not come first, but the natural, and after
that the spiritual. The first man was of the dust of the earth, the
second man from heaven. As was the earthly man, so are those who are of
the earth; and as is the man from heaven, so also are those who are of
heaven. And just as we have borne the likeness of the earthly man, so
shall we bear the likeness of the man from heaven ."
At the time of Christ's crucifixion the followers of
Jesus were despondent and frightened. They clearly did not expect
Christ's resurrection.. It is noteworthy that the only followers of
Jesus that went to the tomb were the women Marty Magdalene, Mary,
mother of James the younger and Solome. Pau, far from expecting a
resurrection was, at the time of the crucifixion a Jewish Rabbi
intent on seeking out and destroying the remnants of Jesus' followers.
what happening after the crucifixion was so powerful that it
invigorated the followers. Reports from the women that the tomb was
empty and the fact that he was seen by many of his followers convinced
them that something unbelievable had indeed happened. Christ had
indeed risen from the dead on the third day as he had said that he
would. What happened to Paul on the road to Damascus was so
powerful that it completely changed his life. He literally bet his life
on the truth of the resurrection.
The words of Jesus in all four Gospels
indicate that salvation comes only by believing in Christ, his
teaching and his resurrection that made clear that he indeed was God's
only son "sitting on the right hand of God the father." In
Christian theology being saved means being saved from sin, being
tranformed to wholeness and participating in the
Reign of God. This teaching troubles
many Christians who fing it hard to believe that everyone who is not a
Christian is
"condemned already."
Richard John Neuhaus, in the Christian
magazine
First Things discused
this very well:
"The hope that all will
be saved is precisely that, a hope. It is not a doctrine, never mind a
dogma. But some respond that we cannot even hold the hope, since it
clearly contradicts the revealed truth that many, if not most, will be
eternally damned. A different and much more troubling objection is that
it makes no sense to be a Christian if, in fact, one can be saved
without being a Christian. In this view, the damnation of others, maybe
of most others, is essentially related to the reason for being a
Christian. The joy of our salvation is contingent upon the misery of
their damnation. If it is possible that all will be saved, it is asked,
why not eat, drink, and be merry? One critic goes so far as to
write about all the wrong things that he would really like to do, that
he would prefer to do over what he is doing, and that he would do, were
it not for the fear of eternity in hell. It follows, he contends, that,
without the damnation of many, perhaps of most, there is no point in
being a Christian. This, I suggest, is profoundly wrongheaded and
spiritually perverse. For one thing, one cannot rationally and
knowingly choose to live contrary to God’s will, since to do so is
contrary to one’s own nature, which nature is to live in accord with
God’s will. One avoids sin because to sin is to act against God and
against oneself, not because, or not chiefly because, of the threat of
future punishment. More precisely, punishment, understood as damnation,
is the culmination of having lived against one’s highest good, namely,
God. It is doubtful that one could really want life with God forever if
one does not want life with God here and now."
The key point is that Christian hope is
not Christian theology. We all can hope that in the end God will be
merciful and forgiving to all without conceeding the validity and
value of Christ's teaching as a model for our behavior.
In summary, what Paul wrote in his letters about
Christ and the indispensability of Christ for the salvation of mankind
was written before the Gospels were written. The Gospels are
consistent with what Paul had written. Christianity is derived from the
life, the teachings, the
crucifixion and most of all from the resurrection of Jesus. However,
the writters of the Gospels did not depend on Paul for their knowledge
of Jesus. Their information came from their own earlier
observations and that of other early witnesses as well.
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