Part I. True of False. Circle T or F (read carefully)  
T F 1. The linkage between amino acids is called a peptide bond. 
T F 2. Casein or milk production is the most nearly perfect protein. 
T F 3. Ketosis results from insufficient blood glucose and the mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue. 
T F 4. The volitile fatty acid, butyrate, in ruminants is the primary substrate for fatty acid synthesis. 
T F 5. The unique fatty acids contained in fish oils which may have a beneficial effect on atherosclerosis in humans are the so-called omega-3 fatty acids 
T F 6. A high lignin content of a plant would tend to indicate the plant is probably mature and rain has leached out the soluble carbohydrates. 
T F 7. The biological value of a protein is the % nitrogen absorbed from the GIT available for productive body functions.  
T F 8. Ruminant animals have a more limited ability than non-ruminants to digest starch. 
T F 9. When an animal consumes its own feces, it is called rumination 
T F 10. Methane gas produced in the gastric stomach of ruminants is a direct loss of energy to the animal. 
T F 11. In ruminants the principal end products of fermentation are the VFA, while in most animal species the major product of CHO digestion is glucose. 
T F 12. Pinocytosis, or cell drinking,  is an absorption process that requires large amounts of energy from ATP. 
T F 13. The crude protein content as a % of a feed sample will be the same on an as-fed or dry matter basis. 
T F 14. Hemicellulose and cellulose are found in teh endosperm of cereal grain cells. 
T F 15. Wheat is the cereal grain which produces the most digestable nutrients per unit of land area. 
T F 16. Urea or non-protein nitrogen, is an excellent source of amino acids for nonruminants. 
T F 17. The associative effects of feedstuffs in a ration or diet can affect nutrient utilization by animals. 
T F 18. The purpose of expressing a sample on a dry matter basis is that it allows for the equivalent comparison of nutrients in various feeds. 
T F 19. There is little evidence to support the fact feed flavors enhance animal production. 
T F 20. "Chyme" is a synonym for "lumen" of the intestinal tract. 
T F 21. The small intestine accounts for more than half of the absorption of nutrients from the GI tract. 
T F 22. For hores in hard work, the feed ration should never exceed 60% concentrates & 40% roughages. 
T F 23. Dogs can fulfill their nutritional requirements on vegetarian diets if supplemented properly. 
T F 24. The acceptable range for body condition scores in beef cows is 5 to 7. 
T F 25. Cheap protein supplements can be as good or better than expensive ones for beef cattle. 
T F 26. Lizards are strictly herbivores. 
T F 27. In the NRC, Horse requirements are measured in DE and Beef Cow requirements are measured in DE, ME, TDN, NEm, NEg, and NE1. 
T F 28. Nutrient deficiencies have a greater effect on the dam than the fetus. 
T F 29. Well-fed animals may actually be more susceptible to some viral infections than poorly-fed animals. 

Part II. Fill in the blanks. All are required  
1. In proximate analysis, lipids are measured by __________  __________; nitrogen by the __________ method and the Van Soest method is used for ____________________. 
2. Recreate the Energy Diagram: Gross Energy - __________ = __________-__________=__________-__________=Net Energy 
3. Three cell wall componants are: ____________, _____________, and ____________. 
4. Multiply percent nitrogen by ____________ to obtain the percentage of crude protein. 
5. Fats and lipids contain ____________ times more energy than carbohydrates and proteins. 
6. Two of the three authors of the textbook: ____________ ____________ 
7. Eight essential amino acids: ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________, and ____________ 
8. Two (2) essential fatty acids: ____________ and _____________ 
9. Two types of vitamin A are: ____________ and _____________ 
10. Legume hay such as alfalfa is a good source of what nutrient? ____________ 
11. The vitamin most associated with selenium is ____________ 
12. A mare's nutrient needs increase most dramatically in the ____________ trimester of pregnancy. 
13. Name two vices that were observed in Prezewalski's horses: ____________ and ____________. 
14. Name two vices seen in horses due to alteration of feed: ____________ and ____________. 
15. What is the most potent form of Vit E? ____________ 
16. What is the major advantage of feeding Vitamin D3? ____________ 
17. In feline vegetarian diets, there are 3 major nutrients that are not supplied in adequate amounts to promote a healthy cat lifestyle. There are ____________, ____________ and ____________. 
18. Turtles' appetites are triggered by ____________ and ____________ 
19. List 4 methods of evaluating an animal's nutritional state: ____________, ____________, ____________, and ____________ 
20. Give an average, or range, of the % water contained in the animals milk. ____________ 
21. Why will a young animal show nutrient deficiency signs sooner than an older animal? ________________________________________________________________________ 

Part III. Multiple Choice. Circle all the correct letters  

1. Rumination consists of: 
A. regurgitation 
B. remastication 
C. swallowing of liquids 
D. all of the above 
E. none of the above 

2. Feeding unadapted ruminants large amounts of cereal grains such as wheat, may cause acidosis as a result of abnormal rumen fermentation. What acid produced is the causative agent? 
A. Butyric 
B. Lactic 
C. Citric 
D. Bile 
E. none of the above 

3. ____________ trials are used to evaluate nutrients and/or feedstuffs for animals. 
A. In vitro 
B. Growth 
C. Balance 
D. All of the above 

4. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree centigrade is a ___________. 
A.  heat unit 
B.  heat of fermentation 
C.  kilocalorie 
D.  calorie 

5. Cereal grains tend to be ___________ in percent calcium than forages. 
A.  lower 
B.  higher 
C.  the same 
D.  none of the above 

6. ___________ is an example of nonprotein nitrogen. 
A.  Soybean meal 
B.  Disaccharides 
C.  Urea 
D.  Canola oil 

7. The salivary gland located underneath the tongue in non-ruminants is the ___________. 
A.  subdural 
B.  parotid 
C.  sublingual 
D.  submaxillary 
E.  none of the above 

8. ___________ are animals whose diet is composed primarily of non-plant material. 
A.  Omnivores 
B.  Carnivores 
C.  Herbivores 
D.  Monogastrics 

9. What is the greatest response observed by feeding inophores or beef cattle? 
A.  Improved efficiency 
B.  Improve rate of grain 
C.  Improved marbling 
D.  Increased butyrate production 
E.  Decreased reproductive performance 

10. Lipoproteins and glycoproteins are both considered: 
A. globular proteins 
B. conjugated proteins 
C. mucoproteins 
D. apoproteins 
E. none of the above 

11. Most animals eat to fufill their __________ requirement. 
A.  protein 
B.  vitamin 
C.  mineral 
D.  amino acid 
E.  none of the above 

12. Triglycerides can be hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase into: 
A.  chylomicrons and eicosanoids 
B.  amylose and amylopectin 
C.  glycerol and fatty acids 
D.  volitale fatty acids 
E.  none of the above 

13. The general formula for maintenance requirements is: 
A.  W^(.75) 
B.  110* W^(.75) 
C.  fat (2.25) 
D.  EB = ME - HP 
E.  none of the above 

14. In humans which lippoprotein is most desirable? 
A.  VLDL 
B.  TMDL 
C.  LDL 
D.  HDL 
E.  none of the above 

15. The TCA Cycle is also known as the: 
A.  Krebs Cycle 
B.  Citric Acid Cycle 
C.  Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle 
D.  Transcontinental America Cycle 
E.  None of the above 

16. Why are performance horses called high octane horses? 
A. Because they are all considered hot "high strung" 
B. Because they produce more methane gas than other horses 
C. Because they require higher amounts of energy than other horses 
D. Because they run on premium unleaded 

17. What does the "NRC" stand for? 
A. Nutritional Research Committee 
B. National Research Council 
C. Nutritional Requirements Compilation 
D. Never Really Cared 

18. Factors that affect an animal's nutrient needs: 
A. Growth 
B. Work Load 
C. Reproductive status 
D. Health 
E. All of the above 

Part IV. Matching. Place the letter by the number. There will be extra letters: 
 

1. List 2 carbohydrates: ____________, ____________ 
2. List 2 amino acids ____________, ____________ 
3. What are the four fat soluble vitamins? ____________, ____________, ____________, and ____________ 
4. Two factors affecting the feed intake of an animal are: ____________ and  ____________ 

Part VI.  Circle the appropriate structure and place the correct letter next to it. Not all letters will be used 

A. carbonyl group  B. b amino group  C. a amino group  D. glycoside linkage  E. carboxyl group