Course Title: Invasive Plants and Weeds: Ecosystems to Molecules

 

I.  General Information

Course Number: BI 528

Number of credits: 3 credits

Meetings: T and Th 10:00 – 11:15 am, E005 Plant Sciences

Prerequisites: General Biology

Instructor: Assistant Professor Cynthia S. Brown

Office: 034 Plant Sciences and 111 Weed Research Laboratory

Phone: (970) 491-1949

Email: Cynthia.S.Brown@ColoState.edu

Text: Reading assignments from ecological, weed science and other relevant literature will be made each week.  Papers will be provided through the Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management web page at http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/bspm/ (Click on "Faculty and Staff", then the "Brown, Cynthia", then the BI 528 link to see the syllabus and links to individual papers)

 

Course Summary

This course will take a systematic approach (i.e. organized hierarchically) to studying the contributions of the disciplines of weed science and invasion ecology to our understanding of the biology, ecology and control of “problem plants.”  We will explore some of the leading theories and evidence about weeds and invasive plants, including: (1) effects on ecosystems, (2) interactions with other plant species in communities, (3) population processes, (4) ecophysiology of individual species and, at the molecular level, (5) shared genetic and biochemical characteristics.  The first section of the course will include reading primary literature and local guest speakers who specialize in each of the areas of emphasis.  During the final part of the semester, students will suggest and present papers from the most recent weed science and ecological literature that synthesize ideas, integrate across organizational, taxonomic or spatial scales or demonstrate significant progress in the field of invasive plant and weed biology and ecology.

 

Class meeting format

For the first 12 weeks of the semester, Tuesday class meetings will include an introductory lecture on the topic of the week provided by the course instructor or an invited guest speaker who is a specialist in the field.  A review paper on that subject will usually be assigned the previous week and should be read before class.  Each Thursday, we will discuss one or two scientific papers on the subject of the week.  For the final five weeks of the semester, each class will be led by a student (or students) and be a discussion of papers he/she/they have selected. 

 

II.  Objectives

A.  The student will be able to explain verbally and in writing the history of the study of invasive plants and weeds.

 

B.  The students will be able to explain verbally and in writing the leading theories of plant invasion biology.

 

C.  The student will know which publications to explore for information on plant invasions in weed science and ecology

 

D. Students will be able to evaluate critically, through writing and discussion, the scientific merit, significance and potential impact of published scientific papers.

 

III.  Performance Evaluation

A.  Exams.  Two take-home exams will be given, one midterm and a final.  The exams will provide students with the opportunity to show that they are familiar with and understand the material presented in lectures and readings, and are able to apply it by solving problems. 

 

B.  Leading Class Discussion.  Each student will lead a class discussion.  He or she will be responsible for selecting a paper from recent weed science or ecological literature that synthesizes ideas, integrates across organizational, taxonomic or spatial scales, or demonstrates significant progress in the field.  The papers should complement other readings, setting up interesting comparisons and contrasts.  For example, the paper may treat the same topic as one previously read, but one paper may be from the weed science literature and the other from the ecological literature.  The paper may show complex interactions or be a very conceptually rich treatment of a subject previously covered.  Alternatively, the paper may treat a topic that is of great importance, but which was not included in the initial part of the course.

 

C.  Reading/Discussion Questions.  Each student must write a set of questions based on the articles he or she selected to direct reading and discussion.  The paper will be made available and the questions will be distributed at least one week before the discussion is scheduled. 

 

C.  Research Paper. Students will turn in a five page literature review and analysis of the topic treated by the article selected for the discussion he or she led.  The student should summarize the treatment of the topic by the paper discussed as well as supplementary literature.  Details of the format will be provided.  The research paper must be turned in within one week of the student-led discussion.

 

Grading Scale.                A- = 90 – 92.9%, A = 93 – 96.9%, A+ = 97 – 100%

                                         B- = 80 – 82.9%, B = 83 – 86.9%, B+ = 87 – 89.9%,

                                         C- = 70 – 72.9%, C = 73 – 76.9%, C+ = 77 – 79.9%

                                         D- = 60 – 62.9%, D = 63 – 67.9%, D = 67 – 69.9%

                                         F = <60%

Point Breakdown.

Midterm Exam                             100

Final Exam                                   150

Paper selection                               75

Reading/discussion questions        75

Research Paper                            100

Total possible points                    500



 

Week

Date

Topic & Reading

Week 1

T Jan 16

Introduction

Th Jan 18

Weed science/invasive plant overview discussion

Reading: Mack et al. 2000. Ecological Applications 10:689-710

Invasion overview questions

Supplementary reading: Appleby, A.P. 2005. A history of weed control in the United States and Canada – a sequel. Weed Science 53:762-768.

  Reference List

Williamson & Fitter 1999 - 10's Rule

Week 2

T Jan 23

Landscape level patterns – Introduction to remote sensing

Guest speaker: Jim Graham, Ph.D.

Reading : Lefsky & Cohen

Reading/Discussion Questions

Handout of slides

Th Jan 25

Landscape level patterns

Guest speaker: Tracy Davern

Tracy's slides

Reading : Laes et al. 2003. Progress Report to the Remote Sensing Stearing Committee. USDA Forest Service Engineering.

Reading/Discussion Questions

Supplementary reading:

Morrissette et al. 2006. A tamarisk suitability map for the continental United States. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 4:11-17.

Barnett et al. 2007. The art and science of weed mapping. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. In Press.

Week 3

T Jan 30

Landscape level patterns
Reading: Lonsdale 1999. Global patterns of plant invasions and thte concept of invisibility. Ecology 80:1522-1536.
Reading/Discussion Questions
Supplementary (not required): Stohlgren et al. 1999. Exotic plant species invade hot spots of native plant diversity. Ecological Monographs 69:25-46.

Th Feb 1

Landscape level patterns
Guest: Tom Stohlgren, Ph.D.

Tom's slides
Reading: (1) Stohlgren et al. 2003. The rich get richer: patterns of plant invasions in the United States. Frontiers in Ecology 1:11-14.
(2) Renne & Tracy/ Rejmanek/Stohlgren et al. 2003 - The rich get richer-responses & authors reply. Frontiers in Ecology 1:122-124.

Reading/Discussion Questions

Week 4

T Feb 6

Plant community
Reading: J.M. Levine & C.M. D’Antonio. 1999. Elton revisited: a review of evidence linking diversity and invisibility. Oikos 87:15-26.

Reading/Discussion Questions

Th Feb 8

Plant community
Reading: J.M.H. Knops et al. 1999. Effects of plant species richness on invasion dynamics, disease outbreaks, insect abundances and diversity. Ecology Letters 2: 286-293.
Reading/Discussion Questions

Supplementary (not required): Fargione et al. 2003. Community assembly and invasion: An experimental test of neutral versus niche processes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100: 8916-8920.

Week 5

T Feb 13

Ecosystem processes

Reading: Levine et al. 2003. Mechanisms underlying the impacts of exotic plant invasions. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 270:775-781.

Reading/Discussion Questions

Th Feb 15

Ecosystem processes

Guest: Heidi Steltzer, Ph.D.
Reading: (1) J.P. Cohn. 2005. Tiff over tamarisk: can a nuisance be nice, too? BioScience 55:648-654.
(2) Shafroth et al. 2005. Control of Tamarix in the western United States: implications for water salvage, wildlife use, and riparian restoration. Environmental Mangement 35:231-246.

Reading/Discussion Questions

Week 6

T Feb 20

Plant community – Interference: Allelopathy

Guest: Amy Blair
Reading: Inderjit & L.A. Weston. 2000. Are laboratory bioassays for allelopathy suitable for prediction of field responses? Journal of Chemical Ecology 26:2111-2118

Reading/Discussion Questions

Th Feb 22

Plant community – Interference: Allelopathy

Guest: Amy Blair
Reading:  (1) Blair et al. 2005. New techniques and findings in the study of a candidate allelochemical implicated in invasion success. Ecology Letters 8:1039-1047
(2) Bais et al. 2003. Allelopathy and exotic plant invasions: from molecules and genes to species interactions. Science 301:1377-1379.
Reading/Discussion Questions

Supplementary (not required): Weir et al. 2003. Intraspecific and interspecific interactions mediated by a phytotoxin, (-)-catechin, secreted by roots of Centaurea maculosa (spotted knapweed). Journal of Chemical Ecology 29:2397-2412.

Week 7

T Feb 27

Physiological traits – Distribute take-home midterm

Guest: Alan Knapp, Ph.D.
Reading: M.D. Smith and A.K. Knapp. 2001. Physiological and morphological traits of exotic, invasive exotic, and native plant species in tallgrass prairie. International Journal of Plant Science 162:485-792.

Reading/Discussion Questions

Th Mar 1

Physiological traits

Guest: Scott Nissen, Ph.D.
Reading: Roche, C. T. and D. C. Thill, 2001.  Biology of common crupina and yellow starthistle, two Mediterranean winter annual invaders in western North America,Weed Science 49: 439-447.

Reading/Discussion Questions

Week 8

T Mar 6

Population processes – Take-home midterm due

Sakai, A.K. et al. 2001. The population biology of invasive species. Annual Review of Ecology and Systemstics 32:305-332.

Reading/Discussion Questions

Th Mar 8

Population processes

Reading: J.A. Dieleman, D.A. Mortensen, and A.R. Martin. 1999. Inflence of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) density variation on weed management outcomes. Weed Science 47:81-89.

Reading/Discussion Questions

Week 9

T Mar 13

SPRING RECESS

Th Mar 15

Week 10

T Mar 20

Genetic factors
Guest: Sarah Ward, Ph.D.
S. Ward. .2006. Molecular marker and sequencing methods. pp. 347-370 in Motley et al. (eds) Darwin's Harvest. Columbia University Press. NY. (Hard copy provided)

S. Ward. 2006. Genetic analysis of invasive plant populations at different spatial scales. Biological Invasions 8:541-552.

Th Mar 22

Genetic factors
Guest: Sarah Ward, Ph.D.

Ye et al. 2004. Genetic structure of the invasive Chromolaena odorata in China. Weed  Research 44: 129-135.

Reading/Discussion Questions

Week 11

T Mar 27

Genetic factors
Guest: Sarah Ward, Ph.D.

Ayres et al. 2004. Spread of exotic cordgrasses and hybrids (Spartina sp.) in the tidal marshes of San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Biological Invasions 6: 221-231.

Williams et al. 2005. Chloroplast and microsatellite DNA diversities reveal the introduction history of Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius) in Florida. Molecular Ecology 14: 3643-3656.

Th Mar 29

Genetic factors
Guest: Sarah Ward, Ph.D.

Parker et al. 2003. An evolutionary approach to understanding the biology of invasions: local adaptation and general-purpose genotypes in the weed Verbascum thapsus. Conservation Biology 17: 59-72.

Richards et al. 2006. Jack of all trades, master of some? On the role of phenoptypic plasticity in plant invasions. Ecology Letters 9: 981-993.

Week 12

T Apr 3

Terri Randolph

Readings:

D. Simberloff and P. Stiling. 1996. How risky is bioloigcal control? Ecology 77:1965-1974.

T.W. Culliney. 2005. Benefits of classical biological control for managing invasive plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 24:131-150.

 

Reading/Discussion Questions

Th Apr 5

Jingyi Nie

Reading:

Bossdorf et al. 2005. Phenotypic and genetic differentiation between native and introduced plant populations. Oecologia 144:1-11.

 

Reading/Discussion Questions

Week 13

T Apr 10

Jim Bromberg & Marques Munis

Reading : Forbis, T.A., et al. 2006. Great Basin land management planning using ecological modeling. Environmental Management 38:62-83.

Supplementary: Briske, D.D., et al. 2006. A unified framework for assesment and aplicationof ecological thresholds. Rangeland Ecology and Management 59:225-236.

Reading/Discussion Questions

Th Apr 12

Erin Klamper & Joshua Eldridge

Reading : Krueger-Mangold, J.M, et al. 2006. Towrad ecologically-based invasive plant management on rangeland. Weed Science 54:597-605.

 

Reading/Discussion Questions

Week 14

T Apr 17

Greg Holman & Joel Silverman

Reading : M.L. Brooks, et al. 2004. Effects of invasive alien plants on fire regimes. BioScience 54:677-688.

Supplementary: M.L. Brooks & D.A. Pyke. 2002. Invasive plants and fire in the deserts of North America. Pages 1-14 in K.E.M. Gallery and T.P. Wilson (eds.). Proceedings of the Invasive Species Workshop: the Role of Fire in the Control and Spread of Invasive Species. Fire Conference 2000: the First National Congress on Fire Ecology, Prevention, andManagement. Miscellaneous Publications No. 11, Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL.

 

Reading/Discussion Questions

Th Apr 19

Nate Ament & Melissa Bridges

Reading : L.J. Rew, et al. 2005. Predicting the occurrence of nonindigenous species using environmental and remotely sensed data. Weed Science 53:236-241.

Suplemental: D.R. Shaw. 2005. Translation of remote sensing data into weed management decisions. Weed Science 53:264-273.

 

Reading/Discussion Questions

Week 15

T Apr 24

Marie Turner

Reading: N.C. Ellstrand & K.A. Schierenbeck. 2006. Hybridization as a stimulus for the evolution of invasiveness in plants? Euphytica 148:35-46.

 

Reading/Discussion Questions

Th Apr 26

Bryan Brown

Reading : I.M. Parker & K.A. Haubensak. 2002. Comparative pollinator limitation of two non-native shrubs: do mutualisms influence invasions? Oecologia 130:250-258.

 

Reading/Discussion Questions

Week 16

T May 1

Sheryl Atkinson – Distribute take-home final

Reading : P.C. Pheloung et al. 1999. A weed assessment tool for use as a biosecurity tool evaluating plant introductions. Journal of Environmental Management 57:239-251.

 

Reading/Discussion Questions

 

Th May 3

 

 

No Class Meeting

Week 17

T May 8

Take home final due by 5 pm